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University of Essex operates as a public research institute which serves as a vital research center in Essex County England and features its main campus at Wivenhoe Park which functions as a historical site. The university operates its educational programs with a radical and courageous approach which executes its principle of "Thought action" to achieve academic excellence which results in social progress. The architectural style of Colchester campus showcases brutalism through its square system which creates an atmosphere of community among students who use the campus. The institution establishes its global presence through its membership in the Young European Research Universities Network (YERUN) while it conducts research projects which test established knowledge boundaries.

The university was established in 1963 because the Robbins Report recommended its creation and the institution opened its doors to students for the first time in 1964. The institution was established to function as a different educational establishment which its first Vice-Chancellor Albert Sloman wanted to create as a "new kind of university" which would not follow traditional academic divisions. The campus emerged as a popular location for student protests and political discussions throughout the 1960s and 1970s which established its status as a place dedicated to social research and activist movements. The university developed into a global social sciences and humanities research institution through its establishment of Southend-on-Sea and Loughton campuses which followed the initial campus opening.